Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

Link to this comparison view

Both sides previous revision Previous revision
Next revision		 Previous revision
measuring_strabismus [2022/02/13 06:23] – [Quantify Strabismus] Scott Larsonmeasuring_strabismus [2025/12/15 03:42] (current) – Scott Larson
Line 4: Line 4:
     - Acuity Chart with optotypes     - Acuity Chart with optotypes
     - Scott Fixation Device      - Scott Fixation Device 
-{{  ::scott_fixation_devices.png?150 |}}+{{ ::scott_fixation_devices.png?150 | }}
     - Video with formed images      - Video with formed images 
     - Finger puppets      - Finger puppets 
Line 20: Line 20:
       * watch how their eyes look with distance and near targets       * watch how their eyes look with distance and near targets
       * you should to be able to estimate the amount of manifest deviation with practice         * you should to be able to estimate the amount of manifest deviation with practice  
-  * Corneal Refection tests+===Corneal Refection tests===
     * Accommodation not controlled and fusion not suspended     * Accommodation not controlled and fusion not suspended
     * **Hirschberg test**     * **Hirschberg test**
Line 31: Line 31:
 {{ ::modified_krimsky.png?600 |}} {{ ::modified_krimsky.png?600 |}}
   * Scleral Comparison    * Scleral Comparison 
-    * compare the amount of white visible between the eyes  +    * compare the amount of white visible between the eyes 
-  * **Prism Cover Tests**+    * [[https://1drv.ms/b/c/31d83ae8e55e0542/IQBabZX42f1GQ6qSwG3NhYnVASYr0zB-eNPyY5scT5YQv8I?e=BDpo0h|The Threshold for Detection of Strabismus. JAAPOS 2003;8:418-422]] 
 +===Prism Cover Tests===
     * Single Prism Cover Test     * Single Prism Cover Test
       * Prism is placed over the deviated or paretic eye       * Prism is placed over the deviated or paretic eye
Line 62: Line 63:
   * This is the proper way to hold a **glass prism**.   * This is the proper way to hold a **glass prism**.
   * Fresnel press-on prisms are calibrated in the Prentice position.   * Fresnel press-on prisms are calibrated in the Prentice position.
-{{ ::prentice_position.png?400 |}}+{{ ::prentice_position.png?300 |}}
 === Minimum Deviation Position === === Minimum Deviation Position ===
   * The visual axis makes an equal angle with each prism surface. This is the position in which **plastic loose prisms** are calibrated.   * The visual axis makes an equal angle with each prism surface. This is the position in which **plastic loose prisms** are calibrated.
-{{ ::minimum_deviation_position.png?400 |}}+{{ ::minimum_deviation_position.png?300 |}}
 === Frontal Plane Position === === Frontal Plane Position ===
   * **Horizontal and vertical prism bars** are calibrated for use in the frontal plane position.   * **Horizontal and vertical prism bars** are calibrated for use in the frontal plane position.
-{{ ::frontal_plane_position.png?400 |}}+{{ ::frontal_plane_position.jpg?300 |}}
 === Prism Stacking === === Prism Stacking ===
   * Stacking two prisms in the same direction will induce measurement error    * Stacking two prisms in the same direction will induce measurement error 
-    * [[prism_stacking|See Table with values of stacked prisms]]+    * [[prism_stacking|See values of stacked prisms]]
   * Prisms held in the same direction over either eye will induce some error, albeit smaller.    * Prisms held in the same direction over either eye will induce some error, albeit smaller. 
     * This error has been incorporated into surgical tables as the sum of the two prism values were used when the tables were developed rather than the actual measured deviation.      * This error has been incorporated into surgical tables as the sum of the two prism values were used when the tables were developed rather than the actual measured deviation. 
-    * [[actual_value_of_two_prisms_held_over_either_eye|See Table with actual value of prisms held in the same direction over either eye]]+    * [[actual_value_of_two_prisms_held_over_either_eye|See actual value of prisms held in the same direction over either eye]]
  
 ==== Spectacle Induced Errors ==== ==== Spectacle Induced Errors ====
Line 88: Line 89:
     * Prism is induced in the presence of an anisometropic spectacle correction when the visual axis is not aligned with the optical axis of the lenses.      * Prism is induced in the presence of an anisometropic spectacle correction when the visual axis is not aligned with the optical axis of the lenses. 
     * This can cause diplopia and account for differences in measurements obtained in secondary and tertiary gaze positions.     * This can cause diplopia and account for differences in measurements obtained in secondary and tertiary gaze positions.
- 
- 
- 
 ===== References ===== ===== References =====
-  - {{ ::comp_of_acc_and_non-acc1.pdf |Comparison of Accommodative and Nonaccommodative Targets For the Assessment of Ocular Deviations. Scott, W.E. et al 1979}}+  - [[https://1drv.ms/b/c/31d83ae8e55e0542/EVOE_eX7FEVOhI9mvgqV8C0B4ZSuWFewAhnpfnhNw0XmpA?e=vs5irL |Comparison of Accommodative and Nonaccommodative Targets For the Assessment of Ocular Deviations. Scott, W.E. et al 1979]]
   - [[https://vimeo.com/126071279|How to Perform a Basic Cover Test by Christopher Kirkpatric and Tony Klauer]]   - [[https://vimeo.com/126071279|How to Perform a Basic Cover Test by Christopher Kirkpatric and Tony Klauer]]
-  - {{ ::ophthalmic_prisms_measurement_errors_and_how_to_minimize_them.pdf |Ophthalmic Prims: Measurement Errors and How to Minimize Them. Thompson & Guyton 1982}} +  - [[https://1drv.ms/b/c/31d83ae8e55e0542/Eai3oACPhXJKtGkSU4ad9poB53ahBNF9-1gVGeZSBapmTQ?e=lzFfrx |Ophthalmic Prims: Measurement Errors and How to Minimize Them. Thompson & Guyton 1982]] 
-  - {{ :artifacts_introduced_by_spectacle_lenses_in_the_measurement_of_strabismic_deviations.pdf |Artifacts Introduced by Spectacle Lenses in the Measurement of Strabismic Deviations. Scattergood, Brown and Guyton. 1983}}+  - [[https://1drv.ms/b/c/31d83ae8e55e0542/ESfrJMapUmJLqo47vjWHPvEB61DLH78sVySsQMH3-x0AiA?e=KUAjDE |Artifacts Introduced by Spectacle Lenses in the Measurement of Strabismic Deviations. Scattergood, Brown and Guyton. 1983]]
  
-{{tag>strabismus tutorial}}+{{tag>strabismus tutorial tests}}