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convergence [2020/10/04 23:47] – [Convergence] Scott Larsonconvergence [2026/05/05 22:18] (current) – Scott Larson
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 ====== Convergence ====== ====== Convergence ======
-  * Both eyes adduct independent with each other+  * Both eyes adduct independent of each other
   * Accompanies accommodation ([[accommodative_convergence_to_accommodation_ratio|AC/A ratio]])   * Accompanies accommodation ([[accommodative_convergence_to_accommodation_ratio|AC/A ratio]])
   * Used to maintain fixation on near targets   * Used to maintain fixation on near targets
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   * Dysfunctional convergence is seen in Exophoria and Exotropia   * Dysfunctional convergence is seen in Exophoria and Exotropia
     * When accompanies exophoria, sensory fusion may be able to be strengthened by convergence exercises     * When accompanies exophoria, sensory fusion may be able to be strengthened by convergence exercises
-    * see convergence insufficiency+  * [[convergence_insufficency|Convergence insufficiency]] can occur without strabismus
  
 ===== Convergence Amplitudes ===== ===== Convergence Amplitudes =====
   * Testing requires sensory fusion    * Testing requires sensory fusion 
-  * With a fixation target at near and distance, look through progressively larger base out prisms until diplopia occurs.  +  * With a fixation target at near and distance with a 20/40 target, look through progressively larger base out prisms until diplopia occurs.  
     * The break point is the prism value where diplopia occurs     * The break point is the prism value where diplopia occurs
     * The recovery point is the prism value where sensory fusion is re-established      * The recovery point is the prism value where sensory fusion is re-established 
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 ===== Near Point of Convergence ===== ===== Near Point of Convergence =====
-  * Distance from nose where diplopia occurs+  * Point in space directly in front of the eyes where maximal convergence is used  
 +  * Practically defined as the distance from nose where diplopia occurs 
 +  * Can use a Prince rule or any ruler with an accommodative target to measure 
   * Normal near point:    * Normal near point: 
     * 4cm to 10cm     * 4cm to 10cm
- +==== Prince Rule ==== 
 +{{::aao_prince_rule.jpg?direct&400|https://www.aao.org/image/new-mediabeacon-item-65}}\\ 
 +Photo courtesy [[https://www.aao.org/image/new-mediabeacon-item-65|AAO]]  
 +{{tag>strabismus convergence}}